What role do cover crops play in soil fertility?

Cover crops play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility primarily through nutrient addition. When planted, these crops can fix nitrogen in the soil, contributing to a richer nutrient profile that benefits subsequent crops. They also increase organic matter content as they grow and decompose, which improves soil structure, water retention, and microbial activity. By adding biomass to the soil and promoting a diverse soil ecosystem, cover crops help replenish essential nutrients that might be depleted during the growing season. Thus, their incorporation into agricultural practices is an effective strategy for maintaining and improving soil fertility over time.

On the other hand, cover crops do not degrade soil health; rather, they contribute positively by enriching the soil. They also do not have a neutral effect on soil fertility, as they actively improve it rather than leaving it unchanged. Lastly, while cover crops can suppress weed growth due to their dense foliage, their primary purpose is not to encourage weeds but to improve overall soil health and fertility.